The Advantages and Disadvantages of Natural Environment...

A decision that must be made is whether to use discrete trial training drills or incidental teaching to establish functional skills. Discrete trial training is conducted in a highly specified and structured manner, in which the instructor chooses and presents an antecedent stimulus related to the skill of interest, and when the student responds correctly, the response is reinforced. Naturalistic or incidental teaching is loosely structured, and is incorporated into a student’s ongoing routine and follows his or her interests. Variation in antecedent stimuli and respnses is emphasized and reinforcers for correct responses are tied to the student’s ongoing activites. Sundberg and Partington (1999) coined the term ‘natural environment†¦show more content†¦Thus, you miss the most sensitive part of student behaviour. 2) Trial formats hold back the speed with which students can perform. Compare how many capitals of states a student can name using Precision Teaching flascards with the number possible if each is presented to the student with a question, ‘What is the capital of this state?’ 3) With a trial format, students do not initiate responding. They get used to waiting for a teacher before taking any action, encouraging passivity and prompt dependency. 4) Fixed lists of tasks used in DT instruction prevents adapting continually to student’s current performance so that some students may respond incorrectly or others fail to progress when they are ready for more difficult tasks. 5) Most DT procedures include procedures for correction of errors. Correction is not part of shaping. Every failure slows down the rate of responding and dampens momentum. 6) DTT is limited in terms of generalization. 7) DTT needs to reprogram for spontaneous skill use. 8) DTT is quite costly – time and finding. 9) Requires specific programming time blocks. In response to these criticisms, Hart and Risley (1968) developed another procedure known as ‘incidental teaching’, a type of NET used to increase quantity and complexity of mands and generally to a lesser degree tacts. NET involves providing structured learning opportunities within the natural context or naturally occurring activities byShow MoreRelatedChange Management49917 Words   |  200 PagesPlanned Change 5. Unplanned Change 2. 4. 6. Stimulating Forces Change Agents Lewin’s Three Step Model The change means the alteration of status quo or making things different. It may refer to any alteration which occurs in the overall work environment of an organization. When an organizational system is disturbed by some internal or external force, the change may occur. The change is modification of the structure or process of a system, that may be good or even bad. It disturbs the existing equilibriumRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesImproving Customer Service 18 †¢ Improving People Skills 19 †¢ Stimulating Innovation and Change 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Pr ocesses 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About OrganizationalRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesUniversity with a major in mathematics and, while acquiring graduate degrees at the University of Iowa, concentrated on statistics, computer programming, psychometrics, and test development. Currently, he divides his duties between teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessment facilitator for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Community Schools. In his spare time he enjoys reading and hiking. He and his wife have a daughter, Anna, who is a graduate student in Civil Engineering at Cal Tech

Who Is A Secret Addiction - 851 Words

In my opinion, I ve really enjoyed doing this experiment. Not only did it put me in an addicts shoes but it also gave me the authentic feel on what its like to have a secret addiction. During the long journey of being a three day addict of Eyscubes, I found it rather difficult. Not only do I feel some compassionate for addicts, but I ve also got an idea what addicts go through on a daily basis. In addition, I also figured out an addicts experience when he or she is trying to figure out who and where to find the next supply from, in this case it was me finding out where to find Eyscubes, whether it ll be the fridge,restaurant,cafeteria,store, or someone else. I knew that I had to be very discreet about it and in a timely manner so that I won t get caught. I also felt awkward,and at times it was tricky, because I had to find ways to get ice when I wanted a beverage even if it were at the school s vending machine. I had to ask an employee at the cafeteria if she had a cup, so that I can pour the beverage in, while I had a the Eys cubes stored in my backpack in a cooler. Then on after, I went to the ladies restroom to pour my beverage in and took a dose of Eys cubes and added to the beverage which was Pepsi. The two most difficult spots was when I was at home and work. One, because I didn t want anyone to know my addiction, and lastly at work I didn t want to get fired if they found out that I was doing drugs. During at work I had a craving for my next dose ofShow MoreRelatedKeeping Addiction And Recovery A Secret1464 Words   |  6 Pagesdrugrehab.org - Keeping Addiction and Recovery a Secret When you are suffering from an addiction, you re likely afraid of sharing that information with anyone. However, if you keep your addiction a secret, you re not likely to ever recover from it. You need to admit that you have a problem and take steps to get it resolved as soon as possible. But what is compelling you to keep your addiction or even your recovery a secret? And how harmful can it be to keep secrets? And how can you break yourRead MoreEssay on Critical Book Review1166 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Critical Book Review Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Michelle Beel Liberty University Psych 307 Summary Dr. Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† gives insight to those who suffer from sexual addiction and to the families, friends and other people in their lives. Dr. Mark Lasser has chosen to write this book, to share with others his personal struggle and victory with sexual addiction. Dr. Lasser has written this book from a Christian view, toRead MoreEssay about Critical Book Review1170 Words   |  5 PagesCritical Book Review Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Michelle Beel Liberty University Psych 307 Summary Dr. Mark Lasser’s book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† gives insight to those who suffer from sexual addiction and to the families, friends and other people in their lives. Dr. Mark Lasser has chosen to write this book, to share with others his personal struggle and victory with sexual addiction. Dr. Lasser has written this book from a Christian view, to give other individualsRead MoreIs Pornography Addiction A Sexual Addiction?752 Words   |  4 PagesEtiology/Neurobiology As previously mentioned, pornography addiction is a sexual addiction. Like most addictions, there is not one single cause for the addiction. Rather, there are several factors that play into the role of addiction such as biological, psychological, socio-cultural, and spiritual factors. Individuals may have a genetic makeup or biological variables that make them more susceptible to acquiring a sexual addiction such as pornography. The ability to overcome impulsive behavior withRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Osage County 1541 Words   |  7 Pagesas a result of her usage of prescription pills. As the film progresses, it illustrates how severe Violet’s problem is when he daughters find out she several doctors providing her refills on the pills she was abusing. Violet tied up with her own addiction to secrecy, ultimately pushes away all of her out of the home and her into the arms of the at home housekeeper. Barbara Weston is the eldest of the three daughters. Barbara out of her sisters shares similar characteristics of her mother Violet. BarbaraRead MoreThe Study On The Tri Fold Model1192 Words   |  5 PagesAs one takes on the task of working with those who have an addiction problem we come to the realization that it is multi-dimensional and affects them in various aspects of their lives. The individual can be affected in a physical, emotional and spiritual ways. This aspect is called the Tri-Fold Model or some call it the Biopsychosocial approach. By using this approach, the professional will take into account all different aspects of the addiction and how it is affecting the client. A complete recoveryRead MoreEve s Bayou, A 1997 Film By Kasi Lemmons896 Words   |  4 Pagesbest father figure for the kids and he also constantly cheats on his wife. Louis has multiple problems that he has a problem getting rid of to help strengthen his family. In the film Eve’s Bayou, sex, d rinking, and secrets lead to the death of Louis. Louis has a strange sex addiction that leads to his death. He has sex with his patients instead of giving them medicine. He says that sex soothes the soul more than medicine. Louis has sexual intercourse with Metty Mereaux, a family friend, and thisRead MoreEve s Bayou, A 1997 Film By Kasi Lemmons920 Words   |  4 Pagesbest father figure for the kids and he also constantly cheats on his wife. Louis has multiple dilemmas that he has a problem getting rid of to help strengthen his family. In the film Eve’s Bayou, sex, drinking, and secrets lead to the death of Louis. Louis has a strange sex addiction that leads to his death. He has sex with his patients instead of giving them medicine. He says that sex soothes the soul more than medicine. Louis has sexual intercourse with Metty Mereaux, a family friend, and thisRead MoreA Critical Review of Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction1665 Words   |  7 Pages A Critical Review of Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction Pamela D. McKoy Liberty University Abstract This critical review will attempt to summarize the book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† written by, Dr. Mark R. Laaser. Highlighting all the central themesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Healing The Wounds Of Sexual Addiction By Dr. Mark R.1667 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This critical review will attempt to summarize the book â€Å"Healing the Wounds of Sexual Addiction† written by, Dr. Mark R. Laaser, highlighting all the central themes and giving an in-depth analysis of Dr. Laaser’s work on the subject of sexual addiction. It will give his perspective and evidence to support it from the book and other sources. In this review, you will find that Dr. Laaser has added valuable insight to the subject on a personal level. It will also show how Dr. Laaser’s faith

Dell free essay sample

They do not in any way replace the recommended books that students are advised to use to supplement knowledge and understanding of the module. Students can purchase the recommended reading books from a retailer of their choice. However, students experiencing problems in obtaining books independently can contact us to make a purchase using LCM’s account with Amazon. Apple Company background Apple Inc, also earlier known as Apple Computer, Inc. is an American multinational corporation. They are responsible for designing and selling consumer electronics, computer software and personal computers. Apple sells all their products and services throughout the world through its online stores, its retail stores, direct sales force and third party wholesalers, resellers and value added resellers. History It was initially established in Cupertino, California on the 1st of April 1976. It was established by the late Steve Jobs,  Steve Wozniak Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. We will write a custom essay sample on Dell or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since its inception, it has seen many products being introduced from the Lisa and Macintosh in the early 1980’s to the iMac’s and iPads of today. During the early 90’s the company went through several launches and failed attempts at consumer electronics such as portable CD’s and portable cameras. There have been internal power struggles as well, among the CEO John Sculley and the Late Steve Jobs in the 1980’s, which resulted in Jobs resigning from apple and founding NeXT Inc. In the late 90’s with stiff competition from Unix and Sun Microsystems and apple not being profitable, Steve Jobs was brought back as an adviser and later became the interim CEO of the company. He was instrumental in reinventing and redesigning the product line of the organisation. During the years of 2005 2007 Apple was able to make a transition to Intel processes and later became formally known as Apple Inc, rather than Apple Computers. Customers The Company sells to various segments of customers both B2B and B2C The Company operates in five segments: Americas, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Retail. The Americas segment includes both North and South America. The Company sells its products globally through its retail stores, online stores, and direct sales force and third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers, and value-added resellers. Apple has not only given a whole new focus for the entertainment industry, but it has also given a whole new meaning to the alphabet! (2) As in any other organisation Apple has had and continues to contend with many environmental forces that provide opportunities and threats. Its culture of reinvention and creativity has enabled it to succeed through many difficult times as well as making use of opportunities. Political / Legal environment Apple Inc. has been incorporated in the United States. Therefore, Apple is directly exposed to the political and legal environment of the US. Whilst the political environment of the US is highly stabilised, it has strict rules and regulations in place to protect the wellbeing of the country and its citizens. Trademark laws, copyright laws, intellectual property laws, consumer protection laws and the United States competition law, which is known as the antitrust law would be some of the main forms of regulations that affects the operations of Apple Inc. Apple deals with technologies which accommodates sharing and utilising of data. Therefore, data protection laws directly create an impact on Apple. Furthermore, Apple works with many third parties such as resellers and content providers. Any changes to laws that govern business practices will largely affect Apple Inc. Economic environment Apple Inc. operates in over 11 countries with more than 300 stores. Mostly, all economies in the world are in the process of recovering from the recession. All products offered by Apple are non-essential, but definitely habit forming and lifestyle defining. The recovery will be a great opportunity for Apple to showcase its latest innovations and implement upgrades. However, pricing must be right if Apple wants to capture the market at this point in the economic cycle. Furthermore, Apple can make it an opportunity to work with dealers and financial institutes to offer purchase plans focusing on affordability. Social Environment Apple is offering products to customers who don’t even know what they want. Customers or potential customers have unlimited needs and wants. Though most of these needs are realised ones, there are an uncountable amount of unrealised needs which are given life through breakthrough technology producers such as Apple. At the same time, customers are also part of the society at large. Therefore, there is a trend towards favouring producers who are ethical and socially responsible. Social networking sites and gadgets have also started to play a major role in customers and potential customers lives. These sites and blogs have proven to be a good form of opinion leaders who mould customers’ values and beliefs. Single households due to an increased number of unmarried individuals, multitasking to cope with the fast phased life, localisation from food to politics, increase in spiritualism are some of the leading trends in society. In summary, the society is both spoiled and confused with: †¢ Too much information †¢ Too much choice †¢ Too much technology Technological Environment The technological environment in which Apple operates is hostile and fast moving. It no longer takes years for a technology to be out-dated or outdone, but it only takes a few weeks and sometimes, only a few days. Technology plays an important role in developing products, delivering them and in communicating about the product to the relevant markets. Apple is known to be one of the main innovators in the entertainment industry. It introduced technological breakthroughs to the gaming market, music industry, mobile phone market, and video and movie entertainment market. Some of these technologies created a barrier for many other organisations whilst they became a new line of thought for others. However, new technologies increase exposure to privacy and copyright violation while blurring the boundaries amongst industries. In conclusion, all elements of the macro environment are interrelated. For example, a technological breakthrough allowed Apple to challenge libraries and book stores through its i-pad. However, at the same time, the i-pad did and will do damage to the traditional delivery methods of reading material, which can result in possible legal action. Whilst one part of the society has made the i-pad a part of its lifestyle, others consider it to be a destruction to the wellbeing of people. All in all, Apple is on its way to give a whole new meaning to the ordinary fruit which was once used to teach the first letter of the alphabet! Question Identify sources of information that can be used to assist marketers in conducting a PEST analysis. Answer There are various sources for an organisation to collect information. Primary sources and secondary sources are the main two methods of data collection. Both primary and secondary sources can be utilised by Apple to collect information when carrying out its PEST analysis. Primary research is concerned with conducting new research, whilst secondary research is concerned with identifying appropriate information from already collected information that exists in the market. Secondary sources for example can be government statistics, sales information, reports etc. Primary research can be obtained by methods such as questionnaires, focus groups and in depth interviews. In discussion below we will be focusing on how information on each of the PEST factors can be obtained by Apple. Political and Legal Information on the political background of the company can be accessed from various secondary sources: Sources available on the internet such as reports on the political background of the countries that the company operates in can be used to access information on the company’s political environment. Government reports too are another important source that can be used. There are a number of laws and regulations affecting Apple. Trademark laws, copyright laws, intellectual property laws, consumer protection laws and the United States competition law can be named as the key laws affecting the company. Information on laws affecting Apple can be accessed from secondary sources such as legal documents and though regulatory bodies. PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE OF SOFTWARE Economic As Apple operates in around 11 countries, the economic environments of these countries have an impact on the operations of Apple. Information on the economic conditions impacting on the company such as the GDP can be accessed from sources such as government statistics and again through government reports. Most of the countries that the company is operating in are recovering from the recession. Therefore, accessing information on the economic environment of these countries is important to ensure successful operations. Internet sources and reports which contain information on the economic background of the company can be used to access information. Social Information on the social environment of the company is very important in catering to the needs of the customers. Primary information is more useful when identifying the social environment of the company. Social networking sites have started to play an important role in the lives of many customers. Online questionnaires can be posted on social networking sites. These can be useful in identifying the social needs of customer groups. The perceptions of opinion leaders can also be accessed through social networking sites. Customers tend to favour products which are ethical and socially responsible. The perceptions of the customers can be identified through these social networks. Therefore, social networks can be a valuable primary source in accessing information on the social environment of the company. [pic] The dell is in growth stage Technological Apple is a leading technological company. The company operates in a fast changing technological environment. As the company deals with rapidly developing customer needs and wants in terms of technology, identifying the technological environment is key for Apple. Primary sources are important in identifying information on the technological environment rather than secondary sources. Information contained in secondary sources such as reports may be out of date, as the technological environment the company operates in is rapidly changing. Primary sources such as focus groups and in depth interviews can be used as the best methods in identifying the needs in terms of the technological requirements of the customers. Conclusion It is very important to access reliable, up to date and accurate sources when conducting the PEST analysis. Information on each environmental factor needs to be accurate. Political, legal and economic sources can be mostly accessed from secondary sources, whilst information on social and technological environments can be mostly accessed from primary sources. This sort of analysis has to be carried out periodically and this is dealing with the Macro environment, which is uncontrollable and continuously evolving.